胡歌新剧《楠丁格尔先生》片名引争议

近日，爱奇艺发布了胡歌新剧《楠丁格尔先生》首发概念海报，片名《楠丁格尔先生》及其英译Male nurse（男护士）引发热议。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看英国男护士现状。今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, what strategy has proven successful in increasing female participation in STEM fields that could also apply to nursing?

A. Offering higher salaries in nursing.

B. Promoting the idea that nursing is a male-dominated profession.

C. Increasing visibility of male role models in nursing.

D. Reducing the workload for male nurses.

Seldom has the state of the NHS workforce been more in the public consciousness. A global survey of nurses undertaken by the consultancy firm McKinsey in the summer of 2022 highlighted the perilous state of the sector. The survey, which was conducted in France, Singapore, Japan, the US, Australia, Brazil and the UK, found that around one in four nurses was considering leaving the profession. Central to this desire was the burnout that was caused by being overworked and understaffed.

The huge number of unfilled vacancies has led to an understandable call for a renewed focus on recruiting new nurses into the NHS. It's an effort that would be greatly helped if the sector was as attractive to men as it is to women. Indeed, official data from the Nursing and Midwifery Council shows that just 11% of registered nurses in the UK today identify as men.

This matters in a number of ways. First, men can often suffer from discrimination when applying to or working in stereotypically female roles. Indeed, research has shown that men receive about 40% fewer requests for interviews when applying for jobs in female-dominated sectors.

These gender-based stereotypes emerge as early as five years of age, with children associating certain professions with men and others with women – and they are incredibly hard to shift. To do so will require a rethink about how nurses are portrayed both in the media and in communication between the industry and the wider public.

We have seen in attempts to increase the number of women studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Stem) subjects, and participating in those industries, that having a strong supply of role models significantly increases participation by women. Just as those efforts have had to confound the stereotype that science and engineering were male disciplines, so too do we need a concerted effort to show that men can thrive as nurses as well.

Research shows that going against gender norms carries a social and emotional cost, but whereas there has grown to be less stigma associated with women when they perform “men's” jobs, the same is not the case when men perform “women's” jobs. This is confounded by the stereotyping often associated with male nurses as either effeminate or homosexual (or failed doctors).

Not only is the healthcare sector facing a chronic skills shortage today, but it is also estimated that the number of jobs in the sector will grow by 13% by 2031. While there has been a justifiable focus on Stem subjects as underpinning the jobs of tomorrow, jobs in healthcare promise to be more important than ever due to the ageing society and general trend towards greater spending on healthcare. If the industry is to meet those needs, it cannot afford to overlook half of the population.

The successful efforts to increase female participation in Stem point to several approaches that could be adopted to do likewise for male participation in health-related roles.

Getting more men into nursing has clear benefits for both the NHS and for society as a whole, but achieving it will require a truly national effort. We've shown what's possible with the drive to get more women into Stem. Now we need to replicate that to ensure men feel that nursing is a career for them.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Nurses: attracting more men to the profession could help with talent shortage

From: The Conversation, December 22, 2022

Seldom has the state of the NHS workforce been more in the public consciousness. A global survey of nurses undertaken by the consultancy firm McKinsey in the summer of 2022 highlighted the perilous state of the sector. The survey, which was conducted in France, Singapore, Japan, the US, Australia, Brazil and the UK, found that around one in four nurses was considering leaving the profession. Central to this desire was the burnout that was caused by being overworked and understaffed.

英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）员工队伍的现状鲜有像现在这样引起公众的广泛关注。麦肯锡（McKinsey）咨询公司在2022年夏季进行的一项全球护士调查揭示了该行业的危机状况。该调查覆盖法国、新加坡、日本、美国、澳大利亚、巴西和英国，结果显示约四分之一的护士正在考虑离开这一行业。这一决定的核心原因是过度劳累和人手不足导致的职业倦怠。

consciousness

consciousness /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/ 表示“意识；感觉；觉悟”，英文解释为“the state of understanding and realizing something”举个🌰：Her consciousness that she's different makes her feel uneasy. 意识到自已与众不同，她感到很不自在。

consultancy

consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/ 1）表示“咨询公司；顾问服务公司”，英文解释为“a company that gives advice on a particular subject”如：a management/financial/recruitment consultancy 管理/金融/招聘咨询公司。

2）表示“咨询服务；顾问工作”，英文解释为“the activity of giving advice on a particular subject”举个🌰：They pay me for IT consultancy. 他们支付我报酬，让我提供信息技术咨询。

📍词根/词缀：consultancy由名词"consult"和后缀"-ancy"构成。"consult"意为咨询、征求意见，"-ancy"用于构建抽象名词。词源：来自拉丁语"consultare"，意为寻求意见、咨询。常用搭配：management consultancy（管理咨询）、financial consultancy（财务咨询）。

perilous

perilous /ˈper.əl.əs/ 表示“非常危险的”，英文解释为“extremely dangerous”举个🌰：The country roads are quite perilous. 这些乡间道路很危险。

burnout

burnout /ˈbɜrnˌɑʊt/ 表示“极度劳累；疲劳过度”，英文解释为“extreme tiredness usually caused by working too much”如：employees complaining of/suffering burn-out 抱怨/感到极度劳累的员工。

📍根据世界卫生组织，职业过劳（Occupational burnout）是一种由慢性工作压力导致的症候群，症状包含“精神耗尽、对工作的心理距离增加、对工作的负面感觉、以及工作效率的减少”。职业过劳不被归类为一种医学疾病。

📍动词短语：burn (yourself) out，疲惫不堪，精疲力竭。

understaffed

understaffed /ˌʌn.dəˈstɑːft/ 表示“（商店、企业或机构）人手不够的，人员配备不足的”，英文解释为“If a shop, business, or organization is understaffed, it does not have enough employees.”举个🌰：The hospital was desperately understaffed. 这家医院员工严重不足。

The huge number of unfilled vacancies has led to an understandable call for a renewed focus on recruiting new nurses into the NHS. It's an effort that would be greatly helped if the sector was as attractive to men as it is to women. Indeed, official data from the Nursing and Midwifery Council shows that just 11% of registered nurses in the UK today identify as men.

大量空缺职位使得人们呼吁再次关注为英国国家医疗服务体系招聘新护士，这是可以理解的。如果该行业对男性的吸引力不亚于女性，那么这一努力将会更加有效。事实上，英国护理与助产委员会（Nursing and Midwifery Council）官方数据显示，目前英国仅有11%的注册护士是男性。

vacancy

vacancy /ˈveɪ.kən.si/ 1）表示“空处；空位”，英文解释为“a space or place that is available to be used”举个🌰：We wanted to book a hotel room in July but there were no vacancies. 我们想预订7月份的宾馆房间，但是已经没有空房了。

2）表示“（职位）空缺”，英文解释为“a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do”举个🌰：There is a vacancy for a shop assistant on Saturdays. 商店有个星期六上班的店员职位空缺。

midwifery

midwifery /ˌmɪdˈwɪf.ər.i/ 表示“助产工作”，英文解释为“the job of being a midwife (= someone who is trained to help women when they are giving birth)”举个🌰：At nursing college she specialized in midwifery. 在护士学校她专修助产学。

This matters in a number of ways. First, men can often suffer from discrimination when applying to or working in stereotypically female roles. Indeed, research has shown that men receive about 40% fewer requests for interviews when applying for jobs in female-dominated sectors.

这在很多方面都很重要。首先，男性在申请或从事传统上由女性主导的岗位时，往往会受到歧视。事实上，研究表明，男性在申请女性占主导地位行业的工作时，获得面试邀请的机会减少了约40%。

discrimination

discrimination /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“歧视；区别对待”，英文解释为“treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, sex, sexuality, etc.”如：racial/sex/age discrimination 种族/性别/年龄歧视。

stereotypically

stereotypically /ˌster.i.əˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/ 表示“刻板印象地；类型化地”，英文解释为“in the way that you would expect someone or something to be, do, behave, etc., even though this idea is often wrong”举个🌰：He is a stereotypically disheveled academic. 他是一个人们刻板印象中典型的衣冠不整的学者。

These gender-based stereotypes emerge as early as five years of age, with children associating certain professions with men and others with women – and they are incredibly hard to shift. To do so will require a rethink about how nurses are portrayed both in the media and in communication between the industry and the wider public.

这些基于性别的刻板印象早在五岁时便开始形成，孩子们会将某些职业与男性联系在一起，而将其他职业与女性联系在一起——而这些刻板印象极难打破。要改变这种状况，就必须重新思考如何在媒体以及行业与广大公众的沟通中塑造护士的形象。

stereotype

stereotype /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/表示“模式化形象；成见；刻板印象”，英文解释为“A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.”举个🌰：There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen. 对成功的商人们总有一种成见。

portray

portray /pɔːˈtreɪ/ 1）表示“描绘，描述，描写”，英文解释为“to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work”举个🌰：The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress. 这幅画描绘的是一位身穿蓝色连衣裙的美丽少女。

2）表示“扮演（某角色）”，英文解释为“to act a particular role in a film/movie or play”举个🌰：Her father will be portrayed by Sean. 肖恩将饰演她的父亲。

We have seen in attempts to increase the number of women studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Stem) subjects, and participating in those industries, that having a strong supply of role models significantly increases participation by women. Just as those efforts have had to confound the stereotype that science and engineering were male disciplines, so too do we need a concerted effort to show that men can thrive as nurses as well.

我们看到，在推动女性学习科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）学科及参与相关行业的过程中，拥有大量女性榜样能够显著提高女性的参与率。正如这些努力必须打破科学和工程是男性学科的刻板印象一样，我们同样需要共同努力，证明男性也能在护理行业中取得成功。

confound

confound /kənˈfaʊnd/ 1）表示“使惊疑，使困惑”，英文解释为“to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation”举个🌰：The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album. 这位歌手随后又推出了一张不同凡响的专辑，令评论家们大感意外。

2）表示“证明…有错”，英文解释为“to prove sb/sth wrong”如：to confound expectations 证明期望有误。

3）也可以指“击败，战胜（敌人）”，英文解释为“to defeat an enemy”

discipline

discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ 作名词，表示“知识领域；（尤指大学的）学科，科目，专业”，英文解释为“an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university”，也可以表示“训练；训导；纪律；风纪”，英文解释为“the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training”

作动词，1）表示“惩罚，惩罚”，英文解释为“to punish someone”举个🌰：The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. 这名工人被他的公司处罚了，但没有被开除。

2）表示“训练，教导”，英文解释为“to teach someone to behave in a controlled way”，如：a guide to the best ways of disciplining your child 管教子女最佳方法指南。

3）表示“自我控制；严格要求（自己）”，英文解释为“to control the way you behave and make yourself do things that you believe you should do”举个🌰：He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week. 他规定自己每周至少锻炼三次。

concerted

concerted /kənˈsɜː.tɪd/ 表示“努力的；共同筹划决定的；同心协力的；一致的；协商好的”，英文解释为“planned or done together for a shared purpose”举个🌰：The richer countries of the world should take concerted action to help the poorer countries. 世界上较富有的国家应该共同行动起来帮助较贫困的国家。

thrive

thrive /θraɪv/ 表示“茁壮成长；兴旺，繁荣”，英文解释为“to grow, develop, or be successful”举个🌰：His business thrived in the years before the war. 战前那些年，他的生意很兴隆。

Research shows that going against gender norms carries a social and emotional cost, but whereas there has grown to be less stigma associated with women when they perform “men's” jobs, the same is not the case when men perform “women's” jobs. This is confounded by the stereotyping often associated with male nurses as either effeminate or homosexual (or failed doctors).

研究表明，打破性别常规需要付出社会和情感代价，但当女性从事“男性”工作时，相关污名化已有所减少，男性从事“女性”工作时则并非如此。这主要是因为社会常将男性护士刻画为娘娘腔、同性恋（或是失败的医生）。

norms

norm /nɔːm/ 通常复数，表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。

📍the norm 表示“常态，正常行为”，英文解释为“a situation or type of behaviour that is expected and considered to be typical”举个🌰：One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries. 每个家庭一个孩子在一些国家正迅速普遍起来。

stigma

stigma /ˈstɪɡ.mə/ 表示“耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair”举个🌰：There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是什么耻辱的事了。

effeminate

effeminate /ɪˈfemɪnət/ 表示“（男人）女人气的，女性化的，没有男子汉气概的”，英文解释为“An effeminate man behaves or looks similar to a woman”举个🌰：He's got a very effeminate manner/voice. 他举止/说话很女人气。

homosexual

homosexual /ˌhəʊ.məˈsek.ʃu.əl/ 表示“同性恋者”，英文解释为“used to describe a man who is sexually or romantically attracted to men, or a woman who is sexually or romantically attracted to women”

Not only is the healthcare sector facing a chronic skills shortage today, but it is also estimated that the number of jobs in the sector will grow by 13% by 2031. While there has been a justifiable focus on Stem subjects as underpinning the jobs of tomorrow, jobs in healthcare promise to be more important than ever due to the ageing society and general trend towards greater spending on healthcare. If the industry is to meet those needs, it cannot afford to overlook half of the population.

如今，医疗保健行业不仅面临着长期的人才短缺问题，而且据估计，到2031年，该行业的工作岗位数量还将增长13%。虽然目前有充分的理由将注意力集中在STEM学科作为未来工作的基础，但由于社会老龄化和医疗保健支出增加的大趋势，医疗保健行业的工作将比以往任何时候都更加重要。如果该行业要满足这些需求，就不能忽视另一半人口。

chronic

chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病）慢性的，长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured”如：chronic arthritis表示“慢性关节炎”。

2）表示“（问题）长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved”举个🌰：There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 长期存在师资短缺的问题。

3）还有一种解释是用来形容人“积习难改”，如“长期酗酒/沉迷赌博等的人”我们就可以用chronic alcoholic/gambler表示。

underpinning

underpinning /ˈʌn.dəˌpɪn.ɪŋ/ 作名词，表示“基础，根基”，英文解释为“support, strength, or the basic structure of something”举个🌰：After a while, we found ourselves questioning the spiritual and philosophical underpinning of the American way of life. 一段时间后，我们发现自己对美国生活方式的精神和哲学基础产生了怀疑。

underpin /ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/ 作动词，表示“加强，巩固，构成（…的基础等）”，英文解释为“to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.”举个🌰：The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。

The successful efforts to increase female participation in Stem point to several approaches that could be adopted to do likewise for male participation in health-related roles.

提高女性参与STEM学科的成功经验为同样增加男性参与健康相关职业提供了借鉴。

Getting more men into nursing has clear benefits for both the NHS and for society as a whole, but achieving it will require a truly national effort. We've shown what's possible with the drive to get more women into Stem. Now we need to replicate that to ensure men feel that nursing is a career for them.

让更多男性进入护理行业对NHS和整个社会都有明显的好处，但要实现这一目标，需要真正的全国性努力。我们已经见证了推动更多女性参与STEM学科所能取得的成果。现在，我们需要复制这种做法，以确保男性觉得护理是适合他们的职业。

replicate

replicate /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/ 表示“使复现；重复；复制”，英文解释为“to make or do something again in exactly the same way”举个🌰：Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment. 研究者们作了很多次努力，试图重复这一实验。

- 词汇盘点 -

consciousness、consultancy、perilous、burnout、understaffed、vacancy、midwifery、discrimination、stereotypically、stereotype、portray、confound、discipline、concerted、thrive、norms、stigma、effeminate、homosexual、chronic、underpinning、replicate

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

In a concerted effort to address stigma in midwifery, a consultancy tackled chronic burnout in an understaffed clinic. They portrayed stereotypically effeminate homosexual roles, confounding norms and discrimination, aiming to replicate a thriving environment that upheld discipline and consciousness.